Interestingly, AML cell-derived exosomes triggered healthy BMMSCs to upregulate the expression of genes that favours adipogenic differentiation and leukaemia engraftment, including IL6, GDF15, CEBPα, PPARγ, COL10, MMP8, and ACO2, with downregulation of osteoblastic/HSC-supportive genes such as SDF1α, BMP4, WNT5A, and LDHA2 [115]. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and acute myeloid leukemia.