and reviewed by other investigators [98,99,100,101], commonalities in pathogenesis between AA and vitiligo include (1) enhanced type 1 IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to DAMPs, (2) enhanced IFN-γ signaling pathways, including CXCL9 and CXCL10, (3) CD8+ T lymphocytes activation, and (4) involvement of (a) oxidative stress, (b) autophagy, (c) type 2 cytokines, and (d) Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, including DKK1. The gene discussed is DKK1; the disease is vitiligo.