CD4 and vitiligo: A systematic review to investigate pathogenesis shows that vitiligo biomarkers include CD4, CD8, CXCL9, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) in skin and IL-1β, IL-17, IFN-γ, TGF-β, autoantibodies, oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g., reactive oxygen species), regulatory T lymphocytes, soluble (s)CD25, sCD27, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in blood, although further investigations are required [83].