The differences in pathogenesis between AA and vitiligo include (1) inflammatory cell infiltration location (the deep reticular dermis close to HBb (swarm of bees) in AA vs. the papillary dermis and/or epidermis possibly close to epidermal melanocytes in vitiligo), (2) the identified DAMPs (MICA and ULBP3 in AA vs. HSP70 in vitiligo; the downstream pathways are similar), and (3) robust evidence of immune privilege collapse in AA (Figure 3). The gene discussed is ULBP3; the disease is vitiligo.