CCN2 and renal fibrosis: The mechanisms thought to be responsible for this include the upregulation of SGK1 in renal podocytes, which increases glomerular ROS levels [69], or SGK1-mediated upregulation of mesangial cell intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which promotes renal fibrosis [70].