Based on the DEG between IS etiologies and its association with cardiovascular diseases in previous studies, we selected three over-represented genes in EVs for further validation; namely, IGFBP-2 and PECAM-1 increased in EVs from CE patients, and NECTIN-2 overexpressed in AT patients (Supplementary Material Table S2). Here, NECTIN2 is linked to ataxia telangiectasia.