IL-33 promotes lung fibrosis by recruiting and activating lung-infiltrated inflammatory immune cells (monocytes, mast cells, Th2, Th17 lymphocytes) by inducing enhanced secretion of pro-fibrotic cytokines (TGF-β and IL-13), by activating fibroblasts causing them to differentiate into myofibroblasts and by promoting EMT [60]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.