It is noteworthy that a 60% reduction in PICALM endothelial levels was measured in human AD brains, correlating inversely with the Aβ load, Braak stage, and clinical dementia, leading to the proposal of a change in the endothelial PICALM level as a significant susceptibility factor for late-onset AD [154]. The gene discussed is PICALM; the disease is Alzheimer disease.