Risk factors such as hyperglycemia, increased levels of advanced glycation end-products and of free fatty acids, decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) that appear in dyslipidemia, obesity, DM or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) determine the activation of pro-oxidative nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NADPHox), the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or the dysfunction of mitochondria. This evidence concerns the gene NOS3 and metabolic syndrome.