Moreover, insulin signalling was reportedly improved by CrPic treatment, and was revealed by the increased expression of associated genes such as IRS-1 and PI3-K. In conclusion, CrPic has the potential to reverse AD-related pathological processes, with the improvement of memory, a reduction in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and insulin signalling upregulation. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Alzheimer disease.