In the context of Hp-infection/MetS, mast cell-derived immunomodulatory cytokines, histamine, chymase, and metalloproteases are involved in leucocyte migration to inflammatory subendothelial areas, which are predisposed to atherogenesis, and display changed permeability (e.g., increased low-density lipoprotein infiltration), macrophage apoptosis, and vascular wall degradation. This evidence concerns the gene CMA1 and metabolic syndrome.