Other promising urine biomarkers—such as Angptl4, L-selectin, TPP1, and TGFβ1—also had high ROC AUC values for distinguishing patients with lupus and AR from those with iSLE, with the combination of Angptl4, L-selectin, and TPP1 yielding the highest discrimination with an AUC of 0.97 [56]. Here, TPP1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.