NPPB and stroke disorder: These values outperform those of other medical screening tests, such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for heart failure and cardiovascular disease diagnosis (AUC: 0.60–0.70) [12], Papanicolaou smear for cervical cancer screening (AUC: 0.70) [13], and the CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk assessment (AUC: 0.57–0.72) [14].