AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: To address the unsatisfactory performance of sonography-based HCC surveillance, the GALAD score was developed, which includes age, sex, and the biomarkers AFP, AFP isoform L3 (AFP-L3), and Des-γ-Carboxy-Prothrombin (DCP), also known as protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II).