Genetic mutations in surfactant protein B (SFTPB), surfactant protein C (SFTPC), ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 (ABCA3), surfactant protein A1 (SFTPA1), and surfactant protein A2 (SFTPA2) can lead to critical respiratory distress syndromes in neonates or interstitial pulmonary pathologies during early childhood [49,50,51]. The gene discussed is SFTPA1; the disease is newborn respiratory distress syndrome.