TNF and preeclampsia: Biochemically and at the cellular level, preeclampsia is associated with antiangiogenic responses (elevated sFLT1 and soluble endoglin, and decreased PLGF), abnormal trophoblast invasion, failed spiral artery remodeling, impaired oxygenation (increased HIF1α and oxidative stress), and compromised maternal immune responses (elevated inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10).