KLF5 and diabetic cardiomyopathy: In diabetic cardiomyopathy, KLF-5 increase has been shown to upregulate NADPH oxidase 4, a primary cause of cardiomyocyte superoxide accumulation; moreover, KLF-5 further leads to the activation of the serine palmitoyl transferase [SPT] long-chain base subunits 1 and 2, enzymes involved in ceramide synthesis.