FOXA1 and cancer: At least three explanations could account for this observation: (I) genes not involved in oncogenesis may be targeted by viral insertion regarding their proximity to fragile sites; (II) genes not classified as oncogene or tumor suppressor may nevertheless, upon activation or inactivation, provide an advantage in vivo to cancer cells; for instance, overexpression of FOXA1 associated with viral insertion (three cases) may induce tumor cells protection from the host immune system; (III) oncogene or tumor suppressor in HPV-associated cancer may not be yet identified as such in OncoKB.