A meta-analysis by Cui et al., encompassing 47 studies and 3,094,152 diabetes patients, revealed no significant association between the use of Metformin, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, insulin, or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of PCa (all p-values > 0.05) [62]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.