(2) A significant percentage of AML blasts carry specific driver mutations or fusion genes that PCR assays afford a high-level sensitivity, whereas there are no mutations that are diagnostic or specifically represent the neoplastic clonal process of MDS (with the exception of SF3B1 or multi-hit TP53 in the setting of not meeting morphological criteria for AML). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and myelodysplastic syndrome.