NLRP3 and Myd-88 are key orchestrators of chemotherapy-related cardiovascular diseases (CTRCD) and sarcopenia; cytotoxic properties are principally mediated by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-2, TGF-β, IL-18 and others [68]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is sarcopenia.