CSF2 and neoplasm: In cell and animal tumor models, a combination therapy with p53-expressing telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus OBP-702 and PD-L1 blockade or PD-1 blockade can improve the antitumor efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 blockade and inhibit the GM-CSF-induced accumulation of MDSCs and immunosuppressive TME [105,106].