TP53 and cancer: Furthermore, based on the source from which the antigen is derived, the antigen can be canonical (derived from the protein-coding genes), or non-canonical (derived from non-protein coding genes); in the canonical antigen, the antigen is expressed within the open reading frames (ORFs) of the protein-coding genes [93], such as the overexpression of numerous cancer-related genes [60,65,94], including p53 [97,98,99,100], cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) [100,101], and the human telomerase reverse transcriptase [102,103].