TNF and metabolic disease: Furthermore, it was found that daily supplementation of undenatured Cys-rich WPI for 3 months, even at a low dose (4625 g/day), improved antioxidative biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio) and suppressed inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde), which play a central role in diabetes complications and risks of other metabolic diseases [352].