Although it was proven by several investigations that predominant insulin responses and suppression of concomitant plasma glucose responses occur due to co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with a meal or prior to a meal, unfortunately, in one experiment, it was found that casein hydrolysate with every main meal did not improve glucose homeostasis over a 24 h period in long-standing T2DM [353]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.