Another study reported that the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) with dichloroacetate (DCA) can restore pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, as well as oxidative phosphorylation, in several cancer-derived cell lines, such as A549 (non-small-cell lung cancer), M059K (glioblastoma), and MCF-7 (breast cancer), associated with increased ROS production and apoptosis in A549 cells [50]. Here, PDK1 is linked to breast carcinoma.