CXCR2 and neoplasm: In the tumor microenvironment, CXCLs/CXCR-2 cascade can signal through RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, PKC/p38/NF-κB, JAK/STAT3 and PLD to regulate DNA damage, senescence, angiogenesis, survival, proliferation, migration and further administration of chemokines [72].