Research has shown that the transcription factor p53 can regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production and glutamine metabolism in tumor cells by inhibiting the expression of malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and malic enzyme 2 (ME2) related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), thereby influencing the growth of tumor cells. Here, TP53 is linked to neoplasm.