ERN1 and Sepsis: Our published study demonstrates that multiple markers of ER stress are activated in muscle tissue in sepsis, such as glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), spliced X box binding protein 1 (sXBP1), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34), and CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) [17].