DDIT3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Nifuroxazide was demonstrated to induce the apoptosis of H1299 NSCLC cells via the ROS/Ca2+/PERK-ATF4-DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (CHOP) signaling pathway [42], and butein (3,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone) was also reported to induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest via the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway in A549 and PC-9 NSCLC cell lines [43].