TNF and Alzheimer disease: Bożek et al., in 38 children with co-occurring AD and PS, 41 patients with AD only, and 28 patients with PS only, performed a clinical assessment using the SCORAD and PASI scales and found the following cytokines in the serum using the ELISA test: IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL- 6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, IL-22, IL-33, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TARC/CCL17.