Both focal and global brain ischemia is associated with the expression of various inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [21,22,23,24,25], as well as chemokines like IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and IP-10 [26,27,28,29,30]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is brain ischemia.