VCAM1 and peripheral arterial disease: Another study by Edlinger et al. [40] on 126 patients, of whom 51 with PAD manifestations and 75 without a history of PAD, demonstrated increased VCAM-1 values in patients with PAD, 1352 pg/mL vs. 953 pg/mL) and concluded that VCAM-1 is a marker that accurately identifies the severity of the systemic atherosclerotic process.