PTGS2 and cancer: In solid malignancies, including lung, colon, endometrium, bladder, prostate, pancreas, breast, skin basal, and squamous cell wall, the expression of COX-1 is limited, but COX-2 expression is found to be high, which is associated with neurotoxicity, tumor progression, etc. Inflammatory mediators and reactive nitrogen oxygen species cause the “Nuclear factor kappa B” pathway and “COX-2” to rise, resulting in cancer.