Immune monitoring of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients revealed (i) a significant six-fold increase in infiltration of CD8+ T cells in relapsed tumors of vaccinated patients in comparison to non-vaccinated patients (steps iv and v), (ii) a significant augmentation of the frequencies in peripheral blood of tumor-reactive memory T cells (IFN-gamma response, ELISPOT) (step vi) and (iii) tumor regression as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging: a tumor that developed in a patient during radiotherapy had completely disappeared six months after vaccination (step vii) [36]. Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.