IL1B and Alzheimer disease: Notably, compared with control subjects, elevated levels of cleaved caspase-1 have been measured in hippocampal and cortical lysates from AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients [11], while increased concentrations of IL-1β have been observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients compared with control subjects without significant differences in the plasma levels of this cytokine [12].