In particular, selenium nanoparticles raised the number of beneficial bacteria including Bifidobacterium, Dubosiella, Desulfovibrio and Gordonibacter to inhibit the Aβ aggregate-induced neurotoxicity, downregulating the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and the inflammatory cytokine secretion nitrite (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and TNF-α, leading to neuroinflammation and death in vitro and in vivo models of AD [211]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.