PDCD1 and neoplasm: When assessing tumor-infiltrating exhausted CD8+ T cells with exhaustion unique gene markers, such as Lag3, Tigit, Havcr2, Ctla4, and Pdcd1, we observed that the Lag3 and Tigit levels in the MnBuOE/RT group were significantly lower than those in the other groups (p < 0.05, Figure 3D).