IGF1 and neoplasm: Klotho is a protein produced mainly in the kidneys, brain, pancreas, and other tissues [76] that inhibits four pathways that have been linked to aging, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which could induce cellular senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, immune dysfunction, fibrosis, and neoplasia.