PGF and gestational diabetes: , in a study on maternal oral fluids (i.e. saliva and GCF) concentrations of PLGF and sFlt-1 in conjunction with periodontal inflammatory status early in pregnancy (11 to 14 gestation weeks) found that maternal PLGF concentrations in GCF were significantly increased in pregnant women with periodontitis who later develop GDM, while PLGF concentrations in saliva did not show statistically significant differences which is similar to our results, and they emphasized on clarification of the role of placental mediators in periodontal tissues.