Moreover, we found that increased β-catenin contributed to enhanced tumor malignant behaviors in MCF-7 shDsg2 or shDsc2 cells, which was consistent with that in E-cadherin-expressing oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells reported by Wang-Kai Fang et al. They found Dsc2 loss can release more free γ-catenin which may compete with β-catenin, thus displacing the latter from E-cadherin and increasing β-catenin- dependent transcriptional activity [49]. This evidence concerns the gene DSC2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.