PDCD1 and neoplasm: Interestingly, we observed that in T-cells expressing an anti-mesothelin LA CAR, blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis through genetic disruption or with the use of PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibodies resulted both in elevated in vitro cytokine secretion (Fig. 8e) and enhanced in vivo anti-tumor effect (Fig. 8f), confirming results obtained with LA HER2-28Z CAR-T cells.