TNF and infection: The main metabolic pathways that PCM acts on for the treatment of BPH include cancer-related pathways, inflammation and infection-related pathways, prostate cancer, proteoglycans in cancer, cellular senescence, apoptosis, endocrine resistance, relaxin-related signaling pathways, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the chemo-oncogenic-receptor activation pathway, the HIF-1 signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway.