GCG and Parkinson disease: Notably, studies have indicated a postprandial reduction in glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in patients with PD, and sodium butyrate has emerged as a potent therapeutic agent capable of upregulating glucagon-like peptide-1 levels, thereby enhancing its neuroprotective effects on the CNS.[134,135] Additionally, research teams have integrated sodium butyrate into probiotics, demonstrating a synergistic effect in restoring neurodegeneration and preventing neuronal damage.