FGF2 and Oral ulcer: Correspondingly, postmenopausal women, a common population with mouth ulcers, have a reduction in keratinization of marginal gingival epithelium with plasma estrogen levels declining.[15] Additionally, estrogens can mediate the actions of gingival and periodontal tissue fibroblasts which with high intracellular fibroblast growth factors, like fibroblast growth factor 2, could mediate the cytoprotective effect of epithelial cells, and be helpful for oral wound healing.[16,17] These suggested that estradiol may act as a trigger for mouth ulcers.