In addition, after supplementation of anthocyanins for 12 weeks, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression rates have been found to be significantly lower in PBMCs from NAFLD patients compared to the placebo group [42], and IL-1β and IL-18 plasma levels also significantly decreased in the anthocyanin group [42]. Here, IL1B is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.