HMGCL and colitis: We also observed a decreasing trend in proteins regulating the downstream ketogenesis pathway in colitis, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1), and carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) (Figure 3E).