PARP1 and rotator cuff syndrome: Furthermore, a significant upregulation of TGFβ, Myostatin, NF-κB and Ubiquitin-proteasome system activating factors MuRF1, as well as ligase Atrogin-1 and Ube3a, was observed in the wild-type group after 1 week, indicating an interaction of PARP-1 with the aforementioned muscle atrophy regulation pathways in rotator cuff tear-associated muscle atrophy [17].