VDR and cancer: Briefly, its anticancer activity is mediated by various signaling pathways, including the regulation of numerous genes via the vitamin D receptor, inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis and metastases, induction of apoptosis, autophagy and differentiation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and effects on cancer-associated stromal cells, cancer stem cells, and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment [209,210].