ELN and hepatocellular carcinoma: Table 1 reports all patients with the rupture of HCC after TACE, which were searched on the PubMed database. The mechanism behind rupture and bleeding after TACE is not understood. Suggested mechanisms are worsened phagocytic activity of macrophages, which results in vascular injury [14] and disturbances in the proliferation of elastin and collagen fibril degradation or inflammation secondary to chemotherapeutic agents [15].