In the mechanism of action regarding the reversal of mitomycin C (MMC)-induced cytotoxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (A549 and H1703), astaxanthin was linked to the inhibition of the expression of Rad51 and phospho-AKT (Ser473) protein [246]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.