NFKB1 and depressive symptom measurement: When depression symptoms were stimulated in rodents by lipopolysaccharide administration, trans astaxanthin was able to ameliorate the depressive-like behavior of LPS-induced depression mice, by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine production through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, thus suggesting its potential use in clinical therapy for major depressive disorders [58].