As sepsis with aging involves a complex pathophysiology, including early inflammatory and later immunosuppressive responses, particularly in geriatric patients, combining pharmacological treatments such as thymosin ɑ1 (Tɑ1) and ulinastatin (UTI) or interleukin-7 with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies holds a promise as a treatment strategy for sepsis [88]. Here, IL7 is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.